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Leland S. Stone
Senior Scientist
Phone: 650-604-3240
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(2022) Ames Honor Award, Scientist or Researcher
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(2020) Ames Technology Transfer Award, Patent for Comprehensive Oculomotor Behavioral Response Assessment System (COBRA)
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(2020) Ames Technology Transfer Award, Patent for Oculometric Assessment of Sensorimotor Impairment
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(2017) Ames Technology Award, Patent Award- Comprehensive Oculomotor Behavioral Response Assessment (COBRA)
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(2012) NASA Group Achievement Award, 20G Centrifuge Operation Team
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(2012) Ames Honor Award, Diversity and Opportunity
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(2009) NASA Space Flight Awareness Award, Centrifuge Vibration Team
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(2009) Privately Sponsored, National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) Award
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(2007) NASA Group Achievement Award, Human Factors Systems Integration Group (SIG)
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A. . Valinia, D. . Folta, K. . Hughes, N. . Hatten, A. H. Vera, L. S. Stone, M. E. Parisi, K. R. McTigue, & T. L. Panontin (2023) Risk Trade-space Analysis for Safe Human Expeditions to Mars, Acta Astronautica, 211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.05.039
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K. R. Dolick, J. T. Somers, N. J. Newby, T. M. Reiber, B. D. Adelstein, & L. S. Stone (2022) Lunar Transport Vehicle Occupant Protection Requirements, NASA/TM 20220011974
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T. L. Tyson, N. H. Feick, P. . Cravalho, E. E. Flynn-Evans, & L. S. Stone (2021) Dose‐dependent sensorimotor impairment in human ocular tracking after acute low‐dose alcohol administration, The Journal of Physiology, 599(4), pp.1225-1242
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L. S. Stone, T. L. Tyson, P. . Cravalho, N. H. Feick, & E. E. Flynn-Evans (2019) Distinct Pattern of Oculomotor Impairment Associated with Acute Sleep Loss and Circadian Misalignment, J. Physiology, 2019; 0:1-18
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T. L. Tyson, N. H. Feick, P. . Cravalho, T. . Tran, E. E. Flynn-Evans, & L. S. Stone (2018) Increased dependence on saccades for ocular tracking with low-dose alcohol, In proceedings of Neuroscience 2018 conference, San Diego, November 3-7, 2018.
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L. . Arsintescu, K. H. Kato, P. . Cravalho, N. H. Feick, L. S. Stone, & E. E. Flynn-Evans (2017) Validation of a touchscreen psychomotor vigilance task. Accident Analysis & Prevention, Accid Anal Prev. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.11.041
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A. . Godinez, D. B. Liston, R. . Ayzenberg, W. B. Toscano, P. S. Cowings, & L. S. Stone (2014) G-loading and vibration effects on heart and respiration rates, Aviation Space Environmental Medicine,
85, 1-5
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D. B. Liston, B. D. Adelstein, & L. S. Stone (2014) Onset of positional vertigo during exposure to combined G-loading and chest-to-spine vibration, Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 85(2):183-186.
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D. B. Liston, A. E. Krukowski, & L. S. Stone (2013) Saccade detection during smooth tracking, Displays 34 (2013) 171-176
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D. B. Liston, & L. S. Stone (2013) Saccadic brightness decisions do not use a difference model, Journal of Vision (2013) 13(8):1, 1-10
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D. J. Kalar, D. B. Liston, B. D. Adelstein, & L. S. Stone (2013) Shared positional noise in manual reaching and saccadic eye movements, Abstracts of the Vision Sciences Society, 13th Annual Meeting, Naples, FL, May 10-15, 56.524
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D. B. Liston, B. D. Adelstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2011) New method for quantifying human high-frequency linear and rotational VOR during launch-relevant conditions, Journal Of Vestibular Research, 21(2), 84 (abstract)
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R. S. McCann, U. . Ravinder, M. . Godfroy, M. . Hayashi, L. S. Stone, & R. . Hersheid (2010) Simulating Variability in Task Completion Times with a Human Performance Model: An Oculomotor Approach, HRP/SHFE report September 30th 2010
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B. D. Adelstein, B. R. Beutter, M. K. Kaiser, R. S. McCann, L. S. Stone, & M. R. Anderson (2009) Effects of Transverse Seat Vibration on Near-Viewing Readability of Alphanumeric Symbology, NASA Technical Memorandum 2009-215385
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B. D. Adelstein, B. R. Beutter, M. K. Kaiser, R. S. McCann, L. S. Stone, & M. R. Anderson (2009) Influence of Combined Whole-Body Vibration Plus G-Loading on Visual Performance, NASA/TM 2009-215386
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L. S. Stone, B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & D. B. Liston (2009) Perception and Eye Movements, In: Squire LR (ed.) Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, volume 7, pp. 503-511. Oxford: Academic Press
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D. B. Liston, & L. S. Stone (2008) Effects of prior information and reward on oculomotor and perceptual choices, The Journal of Neuroscience. 28:13866-13875
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U. . Ravinder, R. S. McCann, B. R. Beutter, L. S. Stone, & V. A. Huemer (2007) Development of a Human Performance Modeling tool for User Interface Evaluation in Next Generation Spacecraft: An Empirical Approach, Ravinder, U., McCann, R. S., Beutter, B., Stone, L., & Huemer, V. (2007, October). Development of a Human Performance Modeling tool for User Interface Evaluation in Next Generation Spacecraft: An Empirical Approach. Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE SMC �07), Montreal, Canada.
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L. . Li, B. T. Sweet, & L. S. Stone (2006) Humans can perceive heading without visual, Journal of Vision (2006) 6, 874-881.
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B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2005) Validating Oculometric Technologies as Human-System Evaluation Tools.
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B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2004) Classification images reveal that saccades and perception use similar shape information in a visual search task, Journal of Vision, 4(8), 672a
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B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2004) Saccadic and perceptual classification images have similar receptive field shapes in a contrast-discrimination, visual search task, European Conference on Visual Perception
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A. E. Krukowski, K. A. Pirog, B. R. Beutter, K. . Brooks, & L. S. Stone (2003) Human discrimination of visual direction of motion with and without smooth pursuit eye movements, Journal of Vision, V3, N11, Pages 831-840
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B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2003) Oculometric Monitoring of Human Perceptual Performance in Search and Tracking Tasks, Human Performance 2003,
Houston, TX
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B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2003) Saccadic and perceptual performance in visual search tasks, Contrast detection and discrimination, Journal of the Optical Society of America
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B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2003) Similar Saccadic and Perceptual Accuracies in Visual Search for Oriented Gabors, The International Workshop on Visual Attention, San Miniato, Italy
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R. . Murray, B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2003) The relationship between saccadic and perceptual performance in visual search tasks, Letter discrimination, Journal of the Optical Society of America
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A. E. Krukowski, K. A. Pirog, B. R. Beutter, K. . Brooks, & L. S. Stone (2003) Visual direction discrimination with and without smooth pursuit, Annual Conference of the Neural Control of Movement Society
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A. E. Krukowski, D. R. Begault, E. M. Wenzel, & L. S. Stone (2002) Human smooth pursuit eye movement responses to visual, auditory, and imagined target motion, The Society for the Neural Control of Movement Twelfth Annual Meeting, Naples, Florida (poster) 404.15.
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B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2002) Oculometrics: Validating a new technology for non-intrusive monitoring of human performance, Proceedings of NASAs Space Human Factors conference
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B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2002) Saccadic and perceptual accuracies in a visual-search detection task are similar over a wide range of external noise levels, Journal of Vision, 2(7), 543a
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R. . Murray, B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2002) Saccadic targeting during, Optical Society of America 2002 conference
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R. . Murray, B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2002) Saccadic targetting during visual search for letters, Journal of Vision, 2(10), 21a
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B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2002) Similar Internal Noise Levels Limit Saccadic and Perceptual Performance in a Visual-Search Task, Program No. 418.13. 2002 Abstract Viewer and Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience
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B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2001) Correlated saccadic and perceptual decisions in a visual-search detection task reveal spatial-filter overlap, Journal of Vision, 1(3), 263a
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A. E. Krukowski, D. R. Begault, E. M. Wenzel, & L. S. Stone (2001) Human oculomotor response to virtual auditory motion, 31st Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA, November 10-15, Abstract # 404.15
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A. E. Krukowski, D. R. Begault, E. M. Wenzel, & L. S. Stone (2001) Human oculomotor responses to virtual auditory motion, Society for Neuroscience 31st Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA
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M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2001) Quantifying the performance limits of human saccadic targeting during visual search, Perception, 30, 1389-1401
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M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2000) Accumulation of Information Across Saccades During Visual Search Depends on How Far the First Saccade Lands from the Target, Perception Supplement, V29
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B. R. Beutter, L. S. Stone, & M. P. Eckstein (2000) Correlated Saccadic and Perceptual Decisions in a Visual-Search Detection Task reveal spatial-filter overlap, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V26
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D. R. Begault, E. M. Wenzel, L. S. Stone, & M. R. Anderson (2000) Direct comparison of the impact of head tracking, reverberation, and individualized head-related transfer functions on the spatial perception of a virtual speech source, Proceedings of the 108th Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, Paris, Feb. 2000, New York: Audio Engineering Society, Preprint 5134
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B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2000) Motion Coherence Affects Human Pursuit and Perception Similarly, Visual Neuroscience, V17, p. 139-153
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B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2000) Parallel Differences in Contrast-Discrimination and Detection Performance for Saccades and Perception in Visual Search, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V40, p. S424
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B. R. Beutter, L. S. Stone, & M. P. Eckstein (2000) Saccadic and Perceptual Decisions in Visual Search: Parallel Differences in Contrast-discrimination and Detection Tasks, Eye Movements and Vision in the Natural World Symposium, p. 27
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M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2000) Task Information Increases from the First to the Second Saccade in Visual Search of a Target among Distractors, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V40, p. S759
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L. S. Stone, J. . Lorenceau, & B. R. Beutter (2000) Visual Motion Integration for Pursuit and Perception, Perception, 29, p. 771-787
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M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, J. L. Bartroff, & L. S. Stone (1999) Guided Search vs. Signal Detection Theory in Target Localization Tasks, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V40, p. S346
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M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1999) Human Saccades in Search: Second Chances Are Worth a Second Peek, Perception Supplement, V28
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B. R. Beutter, L. S. Stone, & M. P. Eckstein (1999) Human Saccadic Accuracy in a Visual Contrast-Discrimination Search Task, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V25, p. 656
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L. S. Stone, B. R. Beutter, & M. P. Eckstein (1999) Salience Effects on Perceptual and Saccadic Target Localization during Search, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V25, p. 548
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J. A. Perrone, & L. S. Stone (1998) Emulating the Visual Receptive-Field Properties of MST Neurons with a Template Model of Heading Estimation, The Journal of Neuroscience, 18(5), p.5958-5975
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B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1998) Human Motion Perception and Smooth Eye Movements Show Similar Directional Biases for Elongated Apertures, V38, N9, p. 11273-1286
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L. S. Stone, & B. R. Beutter (1998) Motion Segmentation from Speed Cues in Transparent and Corrugated Displays, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V24, p. 1743
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B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1998) Oculometric Analysis of Pursuit Eye Movements Can Measure Motion Coherence, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V24, p. 1410
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M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1998) The Effect of Set Size on the Relationship between, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V39, p. S225
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M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1998) The effect of set size on the relationship between saccadic and perceptual decisions during search, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 39: S225
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P. . Thompson, & L. S. Stone (1997) Contrast affects flicker and speed perception differently, Vision Research, 37, 1255-1260
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L. S. Stone, & J. A. Perrone (1997) Human heading estimation during visually-simulated curvilinear motion, Vision Research, 37, 573-590
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B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1997) Pursuit and Direction Perception are Driven by Similar and Veridical Object-Motion Signals, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Supplement, V38, p. 693
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P. . Verghese, & L. S. Stone (1997) Spatial layout affects speed discrimination, Vision Research, 37, 397-406
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L. S. Stone, B. R. Beutter, & J. . Lorenceau (1997) Steady-State Pursuit is Driven by Object Motion Rather than the Vector Average of Local Motion, Investigative Ophthalmology and Science Supplement, V38, p. 936
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M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1997) The Accuracy of Saccadic and Perceptual Decisions in Visual Search, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V37, p. 1152
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M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1997) The visual efficiency of eye movements during search, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 38: S1152
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P. . Thompson, & L. S. Stone (1997) Up-down asymmetries in speed perception, Perception Suppl., 26: 79
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P. . Verghese, & L. S. Stone (1996) Perceived visual speed constrained by image segmentation, Nature. 381, 161-163
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B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1996) Quantifying the Correlation between Eye-Movement and Perceptual Responses to Moving Plaids, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V37, p. 738
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L. S. Stone, J. . Lorenceau, & B. R. Beutter (1996) Smooth Pursuit of a Partially Occluded Object, Perception Supplement, V25, p. 5
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P. . Thompson, L. S. Stone, & S. . Swash (1996) Speed estimates from grating patches are not contrast normalised, Vision Research, 36: 667-674
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B. R. Beutter, J. B. Mulligan, & L. S. Stone (1996) The Barberplaid Illusion: Plaid Motion is Biased by Elongated Apertures, Vision Research, V36, N19, p. 3061-3076
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L. S. Stone, B. R. Beutter, & J. . Lorenceau (1996) Tracking virtual trajectories, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 22: 963
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B. . Chapman, & L. S. Stone (1996) Turning a blind eye to cortical receptive fields, Neuron, 16(1), 9-12
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B. R. Beutter, J. . Lorenceau, & L. S. Stone (1996) Visual Coherence Affects Smooth Pursuit, Perception Supplement, V25, p. 5
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B. R. Beutter, J. B. Mulligan, & L. S. Stone (1995) Analysis of the Trial-by-Trial Correlation between Eye-Movement and Perceptual Responses to Moving Plaids, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V21, p.141
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P. . Verghese, & L. S. Stone (1995) Combining speed information across space, Vision Research, 35: 2811-2823
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B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1995) Direction of Perceived Motion and Eye Movements Show Similar Biases for Asymmetrically Windowed Moving Plaids, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V36, p. 206
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J. A. Perrone, & L. S. Stone (1994) A model of self-motion estimation within primate extrastriate visual cortex, Vision Research, 34: 2917-2938
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B. R. Beutter, J. B. Mulligan, & L. S. Stone (1994) Direction of Moving Plaids is Biased by Asymmetric Viewing Windows, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V20, p. 772
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S. G. Lisberger, T. A. Pavelko, H. . Bronte-Stewart, & L. S. Stone (1994) Neural basis for motor learning in the vestibulo-ocular reflex of primates. II. Changes in the responses of horizontal gaze-velocity Purkinje cells in the cerebellar flocculus and ventral paraflocculus, Journal of Neurophysiology, 72: 954-973
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B. R. Beutter, L. S. Stone, & J. B. Mulligan (1994) The Barberplaid Illusion, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V35, p. 2158
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M. K. Kaiser, J. A. Perrone, L. S. Stone, M. . Banks, & J. . Crowell (1993) Extracting heading and temporal range from optic flow: Human performance issues, In M. K. Kaiser & B. T. Sweet (Eds.), Proceedings of the Augmented VIsual Display (AVID) Research Workshop. NASA Conference Proceedings #10128
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L. S. Stone, & P. . Thompson (1992) Human speed perception is contrast dependent, Vision Research, 32: 1535-1549
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L. S. Stone, A. B. Watson, & J. B. Mulligan (1990) Effect Of Contrast On The Perceived Direction Of A Moving Plaid, Vision Res., 30, 1049-1067.
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L. S. Stone, & S. G. Lisberger (1990) Visual responses of Purkinje cells in the monkey cerebellar flocculus during smooth-pursuit eye movements. I. Simple spikes, Journal of Neurophysiology, 63: 1241-1261
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L. S. Stone, & S. G. Lisberger (1990) Visual responses of Purkinje cells in the monkey cerebellar flocculus during smooth-pursuit eye movements. II. Complex spikes, Journal of Neurophysiology, 63: 1262-1275
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L. S. Stone, A. B. Watson, & J. B. Mulligan (1989) Effect Of Contrast On The Perception Of Direction Of A Moving Pattern, NASA Technical Memorandum #102234
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J. B. Mulligan, & L. S. Stone (1989) Halftoning method for the generation of motion stimuli, Journal of the Optical Society of America A 6: 1217-1227
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L. S. Stone, & S. G. Lisberger (1989) Synergistic action of complex and simple spikes in the monkey flocculus in the control of smooth-pursuit eye movement, Experimental Brain Research Supplement 17: 299-312
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L. S. Stone, J. B. Mulligan, & A. B. Watson (1988) Contrast Affects the Perceived Direction of a Moving Plaid, Optics News, v. 14 no. 9, 206
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J. B. Mulligan, & L. S. Stone (1988) Efficient use of bit planes in the generation of motion stimuli, NASA Technical Memorandum #101022
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L. S. Stone, J. B. Mulligan, & A. B. Watson (1988) Neural Determination of the Direction of Motion: Contrast Affects the Perceived Direction of a Moving Plaid, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 14, 1251
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L. S. Stone, & S. G. Lisberger (1986) Detection of tracking errors by visual climbing fiber inputs to the monkey cerebellar flocculus during pursuit eye movements, Neuroscience Letters 72: 163-168
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R. D. DeVoe, W. . Kaiser, J. . Ohm, & L. S. Stone (1982) Horizontal movement detectors of honeybees: directionally-selective visual neurons in the lobula and brain, Journal of Comparative Physiology 147: 155-170
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D. S. Forman, I. G. McQuarrie, F. W. Labore, D. K. Wood, L. S. Stone, C. H. Braddock, & D. A. Fuchs (1980) Time course of the conditioning lesion effect on axonal regeneration, Brain Research 182: 180-185
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